“Vortex cannot read properties of undefined” error occurs when accessing a property of an undefined object. In JavaScript, variables not initialized explicitly are assigned the value “undefined.” When a Vortex component or another entity attempts to read a property of an undefined object, this error is thrown. Understanding core JavaScript concepts like objects, properties, and undefined values, along with the Vortex framework’s components, views, services, and store, is crucial for resolving such errors and building robust JavaScript applications.