Valence electrons are the outermost electrons in an atom that participate in chemical bonding and determine its chemical properties. The number of valence electrons is related to the atomic number and can be identified through electron configuration. Valence electrons play a crucial role in molecular interactions, forming bonds, determining molecular geometry, and influencing chemical behavior. They affect ionization energy and electronic structure, providing insights into the reactivity and stability of compounds. Understanding valence electrons is essential for comprehending chemical bonding and predicting the behavior of atoms and molecules.
