Valence electrons reside in the outermost energy level of an atom, determining its chemical reactivity. These electrons are loosely bound to the nucleus, enabling their participation in chemical bonding and interactions with other atoms. Valence electrons play a crucial role in predicting an element’s chemical properties, such as electronegativity, ionization energy, and electrical conductivity. They provide insights into the formation of chemical bonds and the stability of molecules. By understanding valence electrons, scientists can gain valuable information about the structure, reactivity, and applications of various elements and compounds.
