Emerging technologies like ultrasound, sonication, and UV light have revolutionized the fight against bacteria. By emitting high-frequency sound waves or ultraviolet radiation, these methods can penetrate and disrupt bacterial cells, effectively killing them. This discovery has paved the way for innovative applications in medicine, water treatment, food processing, and air purification. The FDA and EPA have established regulations to ensure the safe and effective use of these technologies, highlighting their transformative impact on microbial control and hygiene.