Thermophoresis in paper refers to the movement of particles in a fluid due to a temperature gradient, where particles move from higher to lower temperature regions. Nanoparticles and fluids with specific properties are involved, and physical properties like temperature gradient, thermal conductivity, and density influence the thermophoretic force. This force, along with buoyant force and gravity, determines particle movement. Applications include air pollution control, aerosol filtration, microfluidics, and energy conversion.
