Photosynthesis is a crucial process in life on Earth that utilizes light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. The model of photosynthesis describes the complex interactions of light reactions and carbon fixation (Calvin cycle) that occur within specialized organelles called chloroplasts. Light reactions capture light energy and generate ATP and NADPH, while the Calvin cycle utilizes these energy carriers to convert carbon dioxide into glucose, the primary energy source for all living organisms.
