Gears and pulleys are mechanical components used to transmit power between rotating shafts. Gears are toothed wheels that mesh together, providing precise speed and torque control. Pulleys are grooved wheels that guide belts or chains, transmitting power over longer distances. By combining gears and pulleys, engineers can create complex power transmission systems with varying speeds, torque, and efficiency. These systems are crucial in various industrial applications, including machinery, robotics, and automotive engineering.