The physical theory of ferromagnetic domains explains the magnetic behavior of materials by describing them as collections of small, uniformly magnetized regions called domains. Within each domain, the magnetic moments of the atoms are aligned, but the orientation of the domains varies, resulting in an overall net magnetization. This theory accounts for the observed hysteresis, saturation magnetization, and Curie temperature of ferromagnetic materials. It also explains the magnetic properties of materials such as diamagnetism, paramagnetism, and antiferromagnetism.
