Tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis are histopathological changes observed in chronic kidney disease. They involve the atrophy and loss of renal tubules and the replacement of normal renal parenchyma with fibrotic tissue and inflammatory cell infiltration. Interstitial fibrosis occurs due to scarring and thickening of the connective tissue between the tubules. These changes can lead to a decline in kidney function and contribute to the progression of chronic kidney disease towards end-stage renal disease.
