Bismuth’s electronic configuration places it in Group 15 of the periodic table, with 5 valence electrons. These valence electrons occupy the 6s² and 6p³ orbitals. In chemical reactions, bismuth typically loses its valence electrons, exhibiting common oxidation states of +3 and +5. The presence of these valence electrons influences bismuth’s reactivity, allowing it to form covalent bonds and complexes.
