BEM is a numerical method for solving partial differential equations that arise in engineering and applied sciences. Unlike finite element methods, BEM only discretizes the boundaries of the problem domain, making it particularly efficient for problems involving complex geometries or infinite domains. BEM formulation involves converting the governing equation into a boundary integral equation (BIE), which is discretized using shape functions and numerical integration. This results in a system of equations that can be solved for the unknown boundary values, providing a solution within the domain.
